Maestría en Bioquímica
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Item Identificación In Silico De La Capacidad De Degradación De Glifosato Por Pseudomonas Extremaustralis(Universidad Antonio Nariño) Fandiño Moreno, Yiseth; López Pazos, Silvio AlejandroGlyphosate is a widely utilized organophosphate herbicide in commercial agriculture, forestry and urban areas. It has usage between 600 - 750 thousand tons, projected to increase to 740 - 920 thousand tons by 2025. Glyphosate is developed by companies such as Syngenta, Bayer, BASF, and Dow Chemical. Due to its efficiency in weed control, it has been used indiscriminately, which has generated concerns about possible environmental and human impacts. Currently, glyphosate degradation is determined by chemical or biological methods, including photolysis, ozone oxidation or microbial degradation, the latter being a promising method to reduce the levels of this herbicide in soilItem Caracterización de la resistencia a tetraciclina en Salmonella Typhimurium proveniente de aislamientos clínicos colombianos(Universidad Antonio Nariño) Ubillus Borja, Elizabeth Noelia; Villarreal, José MiguelNontyphoidal salmonella (NTS) is one of the major causes of bacterial diseases transmitted by food worldwide (1). In addition, these bacteria are on the WHO priority list due to the development and dispersion of multiresistance to antibiotics (2). Among them, the incidence of tetracycline resistance was documented in the international outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium infections occurred between 2008 and 2010 in the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada (3). In Colombia, the national surveillance of Acute Diarrheal Disease performed by the Microbiology Group of the Instituto Nacional de Salud confirmed that 77.7% (n=2167) of the clinical isolates of S. Typhimurium recovered from 1997 to 2016 are resistant to tetracycline.Item Evaluación del efecto de la dieta cetogénica y los ácidos grasos octanoico y decanoico sobre los genes modulados por PPARs en el desarrollo de tumores de glioblastoma: estudio de investigación con modelo in vitro de la línea celular T98G e in vivo de pez cebra.(Universidad Antonio Nariño) Vargas Romero, Laura Alejandra; Losada Barragán, Mónica; Vargas Sánchez, Jeinny KarinaGlioblastoma is an aggressive and difficult to treat type of brain tumor. However, it has been proposed that ketogenic therapy could have beneficial effects in controlling its tumor activity. This diet, rich in fatty acids, acts as natural ligands for PPAR receptors, which regulate inflammatory, metabolic and cell growth processes.Item Metagenómica como herramienta de apoyo en estudios de aplicación de procesos avanzados de oxidación como tratamientos de Aguas. Acercamiento desde un análisis bibliométrico(Universidad Antonio Nariño) Giraldo Bernal, María Alejandra; Moncayo Lasso, AlejandroThe present work addresses, through a bibliometric analysis, the growth and trends of research published between 2004 and 2022 that involves metagenomics with advanced oxidation processes. These processes are used in water treatment and have proven to be an interesting alternative or complement to conventional systems, both in the degradation of organic pollutants and in the elimination of a wide variety of microorganisms, showing excellent potential for largescale application as tertiary-complementary treatment systems for different types of polluted water. This bibliometric study had a quantitative approach with a mainly descriptive and correlational scope, using the ProKnow-C method and a referential route proposed by UNE 166006:2011 from the AENOR entityItem Caracterización Fitoquímica De Metabolitos Secundarios Presentes En Anredera Cordifolia “Daizako” Y Su Posible Potencial Actividad Hipoglucemiante(Universidad Antonio Nariño) Tapias Casas, Danny Bernardo; Reyes Guzmán, Edwin Alfredo; Parra Amin, Jorge EmilioDiabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by insulin resistance, thus generating peaks of hyperglycemia, the complications derived from sustained hyperglycemia are well known, from cardiac hypertrophy to renal failure, and it is estimated to have a prevalence in Colombia of more than 1,600,000 inhabitants. However, it is also important to note that this increase is more marked in South American countries and the lower middle class, and it is expected that by the current lifestyles, these figures will rise in the coming yearsItem “Mecanismos de acción de los receptores esteroideos que modulan la respuesta protectora en la esclerosis múltiple”.(Universidad Antonio Nariño) Avila Garavito, Cynthia Paola; Baez Jurado, Eliana MaríaThe etiology of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is complex and causes many changes and alterations at the level of the Central Nervous System (CNS), in addition, for a long time the prevalence of this disease has been increasing globally, with women being the most affected. Although multiple investigations have been carried out, multiple sclerosis is one of the diseases that currently does not have an effective treatment and of the possible therapeutic alternatives that exist, such as steroid hormones, the molecular mechanisms through which act. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the mechanisms of action of the steroid receptors that have been modulating the protective response in multiple sclerosis, through the review of the reported literature that allowed characterizing the mechanisms of action of these steroid receptors taking into account the sexual differences in the modulation of the protective response and that are associated with the relief of the symptoms and the progression of the disease, in order to have a perspective that allows targeted and selective treatments for this diseaseItem “Interacción entre la proteína de resistencia de yuca RXAM2 y efectores de Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis”(Universidad Antonio Nariño) Silva Fernández, Lesly Ximena; Díaz Tatis, Paula Alejandra; Reyes Guzmán, Edwin AlfredoThe Cassava bacterial blight is a disease caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis (Xpm) and has been reported in all regions of the world where cassava is cultivated. The most economical and effective strategy for the management of the disease is the use of resistant varieties, but there have been few studies aimed at understanding the molecular basis of the resistance of cassava to this pathogen. Recently it was identified that the NLR protein named RXM2 confers resistance to different strains of Xpm. However, the molecular mechanism used by this protein to recognize Xpm effectors is unknown. This project allowed the generation of the possible three-dimensional structure of RXAM2 and XopE1, XopE4, XopC2, XopAK and XopV effectors of Xpm, by homology modeling. The LRR domain was identified as the possible responsible for the recognition of the effectors, through rigid and flexible molecular docking. On the other hand, it was possible to identify sites under negative selection in 65 Xpm strains, which suggests a high conservation between the effectors present in strains from different biogeographic regions.Item Genes asociados a la síntesis y resistencia de compuestos antimicrobianos en islas de recursos de un ambiente semiárido del Caribe Colombiano.(Universidad Antonio Nariño) Camargo Montoya, Martha Liliana; Vanegas Guerrero, Javier; Arenas Suárez, Nelson EnriqueThe phylum Actinobacteria is of great importance for its capacity for biosynthesis and resistance of antimicrobial compounds and dominance in soil microbiomes. It is considered that unexplored and extreme environments such as resource islands in arid and semi-arid zones of the tropics can be a source of a great diversity of Actinobacteria and therefore of potential compounds of biotechnological interest. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of seasonality and the presence of vegetation on the abundance of actinobacteria and genes associated with the synthesis and resistance of antimicrobial compounds associated with three resource islands in a semiarid region of the Colombian Caribbean. For this purpose, three nurse trees Prosopis juliflora, Haematoxylum brasiletto and Pithecellobium dulce were sampled under canopy (V), bare soil (C) both in wet (W) and dry season (D). Total DNA was extracted and sequenced. From the sequences, 16 orders, 28 families and 52 genera of actinobacteria with higher abundances in CD were detected. In addition, 16 antimicrobial compound biosynthesis pathways were detected, of which the synthesis pathways of monobactam antibiotics, prodigiosin and streptomycin were the most abundant. These pathways showed higher abundances in DV. Ten antibiotic resistance pathways were detected including the highest abundances for rifamycin in CD and streptogramins (MLS) in VW. It was observed that the diversity and abundance of actinobacterial biosynthesis and resistance genes were influenced by seasonality and the presence of vegetation in the resource islands.Item Genómica comparativa de aislamientos clínicos Colombianos de Salmonella Typhimurium Variante Monofásica(Universidad Antonio Nariño) Cuenca Arias, Paloma; Wiesner Reyes, Magdalena; Arenas Suárez, Nelson EnriqueSalmonella Typhimurium Monophasic variant (STVM), has become a problem in public health globally due to its sudden rise of dominant clones and fast spread. In Colombia, the National Institute of Health reported the circulation of this variant since 2015, ranked sixth among the 20 Salmonella serovars isolated with the highest frequency. Our aim was to characterize genotypically the STVM Colombian isolates confirming the clone-type spreading nationwide. In this study, we included a whole-genome sequencing dataset of 21 Colombian clinical isolates of STVM that were analyzed by using bioinformatics and comparative genomics tools. Our results suggest high genomic plasticity in STVM strains mediated by the acquisition of mobile and conjugative genetic elements, conferring heavy metal tolerance and antibiotic resistance. Moreover, the absence of genes involved in adhesion, invasion, and colonization processes suggest an adaptation process of the new serovar, independently of clonal lineage, source, or geographical origin.Item Factores asociados a la radio y quimiorresistencia en cáncer de cuello uterino(Universidad Antonio Nariño) Ramirez Beltran, Nelsy Alexandra; Garzón Fernandez, Ruth; Lorett Velásquez, Vaneza PaolaCervical cancer continuous being one of the biggest health issues worldwide. Despite being in the fourth line of incidence, respect to breast, thyroid and colorrectal cancer, it is considered the leading cause of death from cancer. In Colombia the high number of cases placed it as an important cause of women death despite the strategies of prevention and treatmentItem Evaluación in silico de toxinas peptídicas de origen animal con efecto antagonista sobre la actividad del Receptor - N-Metil-D-Aspatarto (NMDA)(Universidad Antonio Nariño) Gamboa Rodríguez, Katherin Alejandra; Reyes Guzman, Edwin Alfredo; Forero Vivas, María ElisaThe N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) constitutes the main subtype of glutamate receptors, involved in physiological processes such as neuronal development, transmission and synaptic plasticity, and in numerous pathological conditions such as ischemic damage, chronic pain, psychosis, and other degenerative disorders. The NMDAR has a structural topology consisting of four subunits mainly of the GluN1 and GluN2(A-B) type. The ionotropic NMDAR corresponds to an ionic-cation channel, permeable mainly to calcium ion. An excessive increase in calcium influx via NMDAR generates excitotoxicity which translates into neuronal damage and death. Based on the above, it is essential to search for molecules that generate interaction with the receptor and specifically with the GluN2B subunit, modulate the activity of the receptor-channel and can be recycled or eliminated by the organism. The present thesis proposal proposes the design and in silico characterization of peptides derived from animal toxins with potential targeting of the NMDAR. The design included the use of computational analysis tools, alignments and docking and molecular dynamics simulations, which allowed predicting the three-dimensional structure of a series of peptide toxins and proposing peptides derived from them as potential NMDAR ligandsItem Caracterización de bacteriocinas de Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 y Pseudomonas extremaustralis CMPUJ U515 en la perspectiva de control hacía patógenos humanos(Universidad Antonio Nariño) Landinez Velandia, Sandra Milena; López Pazos, Silvio Alejandro; Rojas Arias, Adriana CarolinaBacteriocins comprise a large number of peptides synthesized ribosomically by countless numbers of bacteria. Biosynthesis is carried out by structural genes that encode these peptides. The increasing bacterial resistance threatens human and animal health. Bacillus subtilis has been shown to produce a wide range of bacteriocins. The genus Pseudomonas sp. synthesizes different antimicrobial peptides to dominate over other competing organisms. P. extremeustralis species is a non-pathogenic Gram-negative bacterium, isolated from a pond in the Antarctic Peninsula. Twenty-one bacteriocin sequences were identified in silico in the genome of B. Subtilis ATCC 6633 and two associated sequences in the genome of P. extremeustralis CMPUJ U515. The physicochemical properties allowed establishing the molecular weight, the isoelectric point, the positively and negatively charged residues, the extinction coefficient, the stability index, the aliphatic index and the overall average of hydropaticity (GRAVY). The products obtained from PCR, resulted in three products that correspond to the bacteriocins Subtilin, Sublancin 168 and Subtilocin A. Finally, it was desired to establish the possible growth inhibitory effect of the protein extracts of B. subtilis ATCC 6633 and P. extremaustralis CMPUJ U515, for which a qualitative sensidisk test was performed on the strains of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus CMPUJ 080. Unfortunately no activity was found. In this investigation we concluded that Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 has biocontrol potential due to its bacteriocins which can be cloned by homologous recombination into yeast, to analyze its biological functionality.