Evaluación de la viabilidad celular del ácido gálico sobre fibroblastos del ligamento periodontal. Estudio in vitro

Abstract

Gallic acid, or 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, is a naturally derived polyphenolic compound used for the treatment of systemic diseases, including inflammatory diseases, but with the probability of generating cytotoxicity in non-pathogenic microorganisms when administered in high concentrations. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of gallic acid on periodontal ligament fibroblasts. An experimental in vitro study was carried out using gallic acid concentrations of 1, 5, 10 and 20µM, with exposure times of 12, 24 and 48 hours, implementing the flow cytometry technique with propidium iodide and performing positive and negative controls of cell death with hydrogen peroxide and DMSO. The negative cell death control averaged 95.47% at 12 hours and 93.83% at 48 hours. Triplicate assays were performed at each exposure time and concentration of gallic acid, where cell viability remained in a range of 90-98.4%, with a proportional behavior with increasing concentration. In conclusion, gallic acid had a few cytotoxic effect on periodontal ligament fibroblasts, opening the door for its use in periodontal therapeutics.