Diseño de prototipo de mecanismo de frenado para góndolas de carbón en la empresa “Minas del Sur” de Ambalema, Tolima

Abstract

The research project describes the design of a braking mechanism prototype for coal nacelles at the "Minas del Sur" company in Ambalema, Tolima. The problem dealt with corresponds to the lack of an emergency braking mechanism in the wagons used for the entry and exit flow of personnel and materials. The proposed solution comprises a mechanism, composed of a set of elements such as a spring, a die and a sequentially operated wedge. When the guide is sheared, it causes the spring to activate and push the wedge against the die; the wedge is the mechanical interlocking system that connects the rail with the die that connects to the chassis of the mining car. In accordance with the research carried out and the calculations performed, it was determined that the force required for the proposed system to brake a 1,500 kg trolley on the rail, whose inclination is 55° after one second with a friction coefficient of 0.0002, is 24104.268 N The materials used as proposed in the design include AISI 1018 106 HR +TT for the wedge, AISI 1045 225 ANLD for the die, AISI SAE 1045 heat treatment for the spring. As a result of the simulation of the die when the brake is activated, it was concluded that the maximum displacement suffered by the material working in extreme conditions is 0.028 mm; in the case of the simulation of the wedge, its maximum displacement is 0.007 mm.