Recopilación teórica sobre características psicosociales de niños, niñas y adolescentes víctimas de abuso sexual

Abstract

This research is a bibliographic review of academic and scientific sources that have dealt with the problem of sexual abuse of children and adolescents. Its objective is to document the psychosocial characteristics of the victims to present another way of understanding abuse as a traumatic event that should be known by every professional in psychology and by society in general. It highlights how social and affective relationships can be facilitators of the situation, even within the same families, to theoretically link the traumatic dynamics of aggressions with the knowledge acquired in the framework of the development of the psychology program at the Antonio Nariño University. Under the qualitative theoretical approach, forty sources were compiled that include articles, books and reports from public and private organizations that have developed studies on the subject. Its classification was based on the traumatogenic theoretical model of Finkelhor and Browne (1985), and the post-traumatic stress model of Wolfe (1992). The main findings are related to personal, family, social, and legal indicators that are associated with the helplessness that children and adolescents present, being the betrayal of the immediate environment the one that is repeated the most, the stigmatization indicator the one that does not allow that all cases are known at the right time, and the indicator of economic need is the main cause of use of the situation by the abuser. Although there are many other variables associated with abandonment and other abusive behaviors that lead to the institutionalization of sexual abuse as a crime, those of the model described are taken.