Defectos en el desarrollo del esmalte en niños, relacionados al factor socioeconómico. Revisión de literatura

Abstract

Enamel defects are commonly found in clinical practice and are defined as aberrations in the quality and quantity of tooth enamel that are caused by disruption and/or damage to the enamel organ. Objective: To determine the prevalence of developmental defects in enamel in children 4 to 15 years, related to the socioeconomic factor, through a literature review. Materials and methods: A literature review based on scientific research was carried out, 62 indexed articles were taken into account. The articles that were adapted to the topic and its variables were collected. The results were obtained from 30 articles related to the socioeconomic factor and the discussion of the most relevant articles. Results: The prevalence of enamel defects in different countries varies between 12.9 and 75%, opacities are very frequent and present a prevalence between 13.8 and 35.5%. The socioeconomic factor can influence the appearance of DDE. There is no close relationship between the presence of DDE and gender. Conclusions: The prevalence of DDE is between 12.9 and 75%. Demarcated opacities are the most commonly found defects. DDE occur most often in children in underdeveloped and poorly nourished countries. Between the ages of 9 and 12, enamel defects occur more frequently. There is no gender closely related to the occurrence of DDE. Key words: Enamel defects, hypomineralization, socioeconomic factor, prevalence, hypoplasia and fluorosis.