Diseño e implementación de un prototipo de accesorio sensorial por ultrasonido para bastones guía

Abstract

According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), there are approximately 314 million people with visual impairment and at the national level, according to data registered by the INCI's social observatory, there are 1,143,992 cases of people with some degree of visual impairment, a total of 43.5% of the country's disabled. Currently, modules have been developed for the location of obstacles, which help people who suffer from blindness to move around, but at a cost of approximately 320 Euros. Therefore, as a general objective of this work, the construction of a prototype of an intelligent accessory for blind people with qualities such as lightness, low cost and easy handling was proposed. Within the work, the construction of the prototype was designed by means of modeling so that it could be used as an accessory. This prototype fulfills specific functions such as alerting the blind person through sounds when there are elements or obstacles in a linear way to the body that could possibly generate an injury by not being avoided. The sensory module has an ultrasound system composed of three HC-SR04 sensors, which will be connected through a development card called Raspberry Pi Zero, programmed with an algorithm based on the formulas of the time of flight principle, which has been previously designed. The card is in charge of interpreting data, performing calculations and executing alarms by means of a buzzer and an engine to be perceived by the operator.