Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)Ramos, MarcosBossa García, Laura Ivonne2021-03-012021-03-012020-06-04http://repositorio.uan.edu.co/handle/123456789/2039PropiaPlastics are now consolidated as one of the main pollutants of the environment, not only due to their wide production, but also because once converted into waste they are easily distributed around the planet, mainly in the oceans, converging in the subtropical gyres. Contamination by nanoplastics can cause damage to the different metabolic, morphological, physiological, absorption and behavioural processes of organisms and as a consequence, their impacts can be representative at the cellular and ecosystem level; assessing the impact of these plastics on sediments and aquatic organisms is an emerging problem, as they have already been found in microalgae, fish and shellfish. However, there are large gaps in knowledge about the alterations they cause due to the lack of standardized methods. In this review, the main sources of pollution, the effects on aquatic organisms and the mechanisms involved are described and some ideas are presented about their impacts and the challenges faced by researchers.Los plásticos se consolidan hoy en día como uno de los principales contaminantes del medio ambiente, debido no solamente a su amplia producción, sino a que una vez convertidos en desechos se llegan a distribuir muy fácilmente alrededor del planeta, principalmente en los océanos, convergiendo en los giros subtropicales. La contaminación por nanoplásticos puede provocar daños en los diferentes procesos metabólicos, morfológicos, fisiológicos, de absorción y de comportamiento de los organismos y como consecuencia, sus impactos pueden ser representativos a nivel celular y ecosistémico; evaluar el impacto de estos plásticos sobre los sedimentos y organismos acuáticos es un problema emergente, pues ya se han encontrado en microalgas, peces y mariscos. Sin embargo, existen grandes lagunas en el conocimiento sobre las alteraciones que causan debido a la falta de métodos estandarizados. 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