Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0)Díaz Mora, Norma PatriciaRamírez Sulvarán, Jesús ArturoDávila Cuellar, Angélica MaríaGalavis Villamizar, Yulian Andrea2021-03-092021-03-092020-11-25http://repositorio.uan.edu.co/handle/123456789/2947PropiaObjective: The objective of this narrative review of the literature was to determine the healing and anti-inflammatory effect of Aloe vera and vitamin C on oral mucosa. Materials and methods: 126 articles related to the objective of the study were collected, these articles were read and analyzed and 50 of them were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, where the search parameter was the words: “Aloe” “inflammation” “mucosa” “cicatrization” “bacteria” “Ascorbic Acid” “wound healing” and Boolean operators such as “AND and “OR” were used applying the search to a period of the last 20 years. Results: When analyzing the results, it was determined that Aloe vera had a healing and anti-inflammatory effect in various lesions of the oral mucosa since it acts in the arachidonic acid pathway through cyclooxygenase, inhibiting inflammation, and it also did not present side effects in the clinical studies carried out. In patients, with respect to vitamin C it was determined that it has a healing and anti-inflammatory effect on oral mucosa since it regulates the inflammatory process and stimulates tissue repair, in addition, it modulates the release of catabolic inflammatory cytokines, promotes wound healing, Aloe vera had a high antibacterial effect against a variety of oral pathogens. Conclusion: Aloe vera and vitamin C are effective alternative treatments in terms of the healing and anti-inflammatory effect on oral mucosa lesions, however, regarding vitamin C there are no clinical studies regarding its direct topical application on oral mucosa and there is a controversy regarding its dosage. Aloe vera has an antibacterial effect against pathogens of the oral cavity, however, clinical studies are needed to determine what other pathogens Aloe vera can inhibit. Keywords: Aloe, ascorbic acid, mucosa, wound healing, inflammation, bacteria.Objetivo: el objetivo de esta revisión narrativa de la literatura fue determinar el efecto cicatrizante y antiinflamatorio del Aloe vera y la vitamina C en mucosa oral. Materiales y métodos: Se recopilaron 126 artículos relacionados con el objetivo del estudio, se realizó la lectura y el análisis de estos artículos y se seleccionaron 50 de estos según los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, donde se tuvo como parámetro de búsqueda las palabras: “Aloe” “inflammation” “mucosa” “cicatrización” “bacterias” Ascorbic Acid” “wound healing” y se utilizaron operadores booleanos como “AND y “OR” aplicando la búsqueda a un periodo de los últimos 20 años. Resultados: Al analizar los resultados se determinó que el Aloe vera presentó efecto cicatrizante y antiinflamatorio en diversas lesiones de la mucosa oral ya que actúa en la vía del ácido araquidónico a través de la ciclooxigenasa inhibiendo la inflamación, además no presentó efectos secundarios en los estudios clínicos realizados a pacientes, con respecto a la vitamina C se determinó tiene efecto cicatrizante y antiinflamatorio en mucosa oral ya que regula el proceso inflamatorio y estimula la reparación de los tejidos, además, modula la liberación de citocinas inflamatorias catabólicas, promueve la cicatrización de la herida, El Aloe vera presentó alto efecto antibacterial contra una variedad de patógenos orales. Conclusión: El Aloe vera y la vitamina C son tratamientos alternativos efectivos en cuanto al efecto cicatrizante y antiinflamatorio en lesiones de la mucosa oral, sin embargo, en cuanto a la vitamina C no hay estudios clínicos respecto a su aplicación tópica directa en mucosa oral y hay una controversia en cuanto a su dosificación. El Aloe vera tiene efecto antibacterial contra patógenos propios de la cavidad oral, sin embargo, hacen falta estudios clínicos para determinar que otros patógenos puede inhibir el Aloe vera. Palabras clave: Aloe, ácido ascórbico, mucosa bucal, cicatrización, inflamación, bacterias.spaAcceso abiertoAloeÁcido ascórbicoMucosa bucalCicatrizaciónInflamaciónBacteriasEfecto cicatrizante y antiinflamatorio del aloe vera y la vitamina c en mucosa oral. Revisión narrativa de la literaturaTrabajo de grado (Pregrado y/o Especialización)AloeAscorbic acidMucosaWound healingInflammationBacteriainfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Aghajanian, P., Hall, S., Wongworawat, M, D., & Mohan, S. (2015) The Roles and Mechanisms of Actions of Vitamin C in Bone: New Developments. J Bone Miner, 30(11), 1945–1955.Ahmadi, A. (2012). Potential prevention: Aloe vera mouthwash may reduce radiation-induced oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine, 18(8), 635-640.Akgun, S. G., Aydemir, S., Ozkan, N., Yuksel, M., & Sardas, S. (2017). Evaluation of the wound healing potential of Aloe vera-based extract of Nerium oleander. Northern clinics of Istanbul, 4(3), 205–212. Doi: 10.14744/nci.2017.94914Amjed, S., Junaid, K., Jafar, J., Amjad, T., Maqsood, W., Mukhtar, N., Tariq, K., Sharif, M., Awan, S. J., & Ansari, F. (2017). Detection of antibacterial activities of Miswak, Kalonji and Aloe vera against oral pathogens & anti-proliferative activity against cancer cell line. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 17(1), 1-10.Babaee, N., Zabihi, E., Mohseni, S & Moghadamnia, A. A. (2012). Evaluation of the therapeutic effects of Aloe vera gel on minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Dental Research Journal, 4(9), 381-385.Barandozi, F. N. (2013). Antibacterial activities and antioxidant capacity of Aloe vera. Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 3(5), 1-8.Bertolini, P. F. R., filho, O. B., Pomilio, A., Pinheiro, S. L, & Carvalho, M. S. (2012). Antimicrobial capacity of Aloe vera and propolis dentifrice against Streptococcus mutans strains in toothbrushes: an in vitro study. J Appl Oral Sci, 20(1), 31-37.Bestagno, V., Neira, I., Gomez-Gaete, P., Pastene, E., Gomez, M., Perez, M. A & Rojas I. G. (2017). Estudio del efecto de un enjuagatorio de Rosmarinus officinalis (romero) en la cicatrización de heridas de mucosa oral. Int. J. Odontostomat, 1(4), 411-417.Bhalang, K., Thunyakitpisal, P., & Rungsirisatean, N. (2013). Acemannan, a Polysaccharide Extracted from Aloe vera, Is Effective in the Treatment of Oral Aphthous Ulceration. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 19(5), 429-434.Bhati, N., Jaidka, S., & Somani, R. (2015). Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of Aloe vera and Meswak containing dentifrices with fluoridated dentifrice: An in vivo study. Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry, 5(5), 394-399.Bogdan, M., Meca, A. D., Boldeanu, M. V., Gheorghe, D. N., Turcu-Stiolica, A., Subtirelu, M.-S., Boldeanu, L., Blaj, M., Botnariu, G. E., Vlad, C. E., Foia, L. G., & Surlin, P. (2020). Possible Involvement of Vitamin C in Periodontal Disease-Diabetes Mellitus Association. Nutrients, 12(2), 553.Boyce, S. T., Supp, A. P., Swope, V. B., & Warden, G. D. (2002). Vitamin C Regulates Keratinocyte Viability, Epidermal Barrier, and Basement Membrane In Vitro, and Reduces Wound Contraction After Grafting of Cultured Skin Substitutes. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 118(4), 565-572.Bucur, M., Dinca, O., Vladan, C., Popp, C., Nichita, L., Cioplea, M., Ionescu, E. (2018). Variation in Expression of Inflammation-Related Signaling Molecules with Profibrotic and Antifibrotic Effects in Cutaneous and Oral Mucosa Scars. Journal of immunology research, 5196023.Carr, A. C., & Maggini, S. (2017). Vitamin C and Immune Function. Nutrients, 9(11), 1211.Cataldi, V., Di Bartolomeo, S., Di Campli, E., Nostro, A., Cellini, L., & Di Giulio, M. (2015). In vitro activity of Aloe vera inner gel against microorganisms grown in planktonic and sessile phases. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology, 28(4), 595-602.Chaitrakoonthong, T., Ampornaramveth, R., & Kamolratanakul, P. (2020). Rinsing with L-Ascorbic Acid Exhibits Concentration-Dependent Effects on Human Gingival Fibroblast in vitro Wound Healing Behavior. International Journal of Dentistry, 1-7.Chambial, S., Dwivedi, S., Shukla, K. K., John, P. J., & Sharma, P. (2013). Vitamin C in Disease Prevention and Cure: An Overview. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 28(4), 314-328.Chitsazi, M. (2020). Effects of adjective use of melatonin and vitamin C in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A randomized clinical trial. Dental research, dental clínics, dental prospeets, 11(4), 1-4.DesJardins-Park, H. E., Mascharak, S., Chinta, M. S., Wan, D. C., & Longaker, M. T. (2019). The Spectrum of Scarring in Craniofacial Wound Repair. Frontiers in physiology, 10, 322.Diomede, F., Marconi, G. D., Guarnieri, S., D’Attilio, M., Cavalcanti, M. F. X. B., Mariggiò, M. A., Pizzicannella, J., & Trubiani, O. (2019). A Novel Role of Ascorbic Acid in Anti-Inflammatory Pathway and ROS Generation in HEMA Treated Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Materials, 13(1), 1-17. Doi: 10.3390/ma13010130.Do, L. G., Spencer, A. J., Dost, F., & Farah, C. S. (2014). Oral mucosal lesions: findings from the Australian National Survey of Adult Oral Health. Australian Dental Journal, 59(1), 114-120. Doi: 10.1111/adj.12143.Ehsani, M., Marashi, M. A., Zabihi, E., Issazadeh, M., & Khafri, S. (2013). A Comparison between Antibacterial Activity of Propolis and Aloe vera on Enterococcus faecalis (an in Vitro Study). IJMCM, 3(2), 110-117.El-Sayed, F. K. M., Nguyen, N., & Dörfer, C. E. (2020). Ascorbic Acid, Inflammatory Cytokines (IL-1β/TNF-α/IFN-γ), or Their Combination’s Effect on Stemness, Proliferation, and Differentiation of Gingival Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells International, 1-14.Fani, M & Kohanteb, J. (2012). Inhibitory activity of Aloe vera gel on some clinically isolated cariogenic and periodontopathic bacteria. Journal of Oral Science, 54(1), 15-21.Ferro, V. A., Bradbury, F., Cameron, P., Shakir, E., Rahman, S. R & Stimson, W. H. (2003). In Vitro Susceptibilities of Shigella flexneri and Streptococcus pyogenes to Inner Gel of Aloe barbadensis Miller. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 47(3), 1137–1139.Fuentes, F., Faúndez, F., & Roa, I. (2016). Fitoterapias en Lesiones de Mucosa Oral: Propiedades Reparativas y Aplicación Clínica. Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura. International journal of odontostomatology, 10(3), 539-545.Goud, S., Aravelli, S., Dronamraju, S., Cherukuri, G., & Morishetty, P. (2018). Comparative Evaluation of the Antibacterial Efficacy of Aloe Vera, 3% Sodium Hypochlorite, and 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate Against Enterococcus faecalis: An in Vitro Study. Cureus, 1-8.Groeger, S., & Meyle, J. (2019). Oral Mucosal Epithelial Cells. Frontiers in Immunology, 10, 1-15. Doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00208.Gutiérrez, R., Infante, J., Dávila, L., Sosa, L & Jerez, E. (2018). Cicatrización periodontal. Revisión de la literatura. Acta bioclinica, 8(15), 248-258.Hande, A., Chaudhary, M., Gawande, M., Gadbail, A., Zade, P., Bajaj, S., Patil, S., & Tekade, S. (2019). Oral submucous fibrosis: An enigmatic morpho-insight. Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics, 15(3), 463-469. Doi: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_522_17.Iliopoulos, F., Sil, B. C., Moore, D. J., Lucas, R. A., & Lane, M. E. (2019). 3-O-ethyl-l-ascorbic acid: Characterisation and investigation of single solvent systems for delivery to the skin. International journal of pharmaceutics: X, 1, 100025.Jain, S. (2016). Antibacterial Effect of Aloe Vera Gel against Oral Pathogens: An In-vitro Study. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research, 41-44.Kadeh, H., Derakhshanfar, G., & Saravani, S. (2013). Comparative study of mast cell count in oral reactive lesions and its association with inflammation. Turkish Journal of Pathology, 22-26. Doi:10.5146/tjpath.2015.01338.Kansky, A. A., Didanovic, V., Dovsak, T., Brzak, B. L., Pelivan, I., & Terlevic, D. (2018). Epidemiology of oral mucosal lesions in Slovenia. Radiology and Oncology, 52(3), 263-266. Doi: 10.2478/raon-2018-0031.Korkmaz, FM., Ozel, MB., Tuzuner, T., Korkmaz, B, & Yayli, N. (2019). Antimicrobial Activity and Volatile Constituent Analysis of Three Commercial Herbal Toothpastes Containing Aloe vera L. and Fragaria vesca L. Extracts. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 5(22), 718-726.Kresnoadi, U., Rahayu, R. P., Rubianto, M., Sudarmo, S. M., & Budi, H. S. (2017). TLR2 Signaling Pathway in Alveolar Bone Osteogenesis Induced by Aloe vera and Xenograft (XCB). Brazilian Dental Journal, 28(3), 281-286.Kumar, G. R., Devanand, G., John, B. D., Ankit, Y., Khursheed, O, & Sumit, M. (2014). Preliminary antiplaque efficacy of Aloe vera mouthwash on 4-day plaque re-growth model: randomized control trial. Gupta RK etal, 24(2), 139- 144.Kunsongkeit, P., Okuma, N., Rassameemasmaung, S., & Chaivanit, P. (2019). Effect of Vitamin C as an Adjunct in Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy in Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. European Journal of Dentistry, 13(03), 444-449.Kwon, K. H., Hong, M. K., Hwang, S. Y., Moon, B. Y., Shin, S., Baek, J. H & Park, Y. H. (2011). Antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects of Aloe vera peel extract. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(22), 5384-5392.Lawrence, R., Priyanka Tripathi, P & Jeyakumar, E. (2009). Isolation, purification and evaluation of antibacterial agents from Aloe vera. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 40, 906-915.León-Velastegui, M. A., Gavilanes-Bayas, N. A., & Mejía-Navas, E. X. (2019). Lesiones de la mucosa oral asociadas al uso de prótesis odontológicas en pacientes edéntulos totales. Dominio de las Ciencias, 5(1), 603-623. Doi: 10.23857/dc.v5i1.880Liu, C., Cui, Y., Pi, F., Cheng, Y., Guo, Y., & Qian, H. (2019). Extraction, Purification, Structural Characteristics, Biological Activities and Pharmacological Applications of Acemannan, a Polysaccharide from Aloe vera: A Review. Molecules, 24(8), 1-21.Mangaiyarkarasi, S. P., Manigandan, T., Elumalai, M., Cholan, P. K., & Kaur, R. P. (2015). Benefits of Aloe vera in dentistry. Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences, 7(5), S255–S259.Mansour, G., Ouda, S., Shaker, A., & Abdallah, H. M. (2013). Clinical efficacy of new aloe vera- and myrrh-based oral mucoadhesive gels in the management of minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, 43(6), 405-409.McNamara, K. K., & Kalmar, J. R. (2019). Erythematous and Vascular Oral Mucosal Lesions: A Clinicopathologic Review of Red Entities. Head and Neck Pathology, 13(1), 4-15. Doi: 10.1007/s12105-019-01002-8Miao, F., Su, M., Jiang, S., Luo, L., Shi, Y., & Lei, T. (2019). Intramelanocytic Acidification Plays a Role in the Antimelanogenic and Antioxidative Properties of Vitamin C and Its Derivatives. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 1-14.Mikhail, F. F., El-Din, M., Ibrahim, T., Zekry, K., Nemat, A. H., & Nasry, S. (2018). Effect of Laser Therapy on the Osseointegration of Immediately Loaded Dental Implants in Patients under Vitamin C, Omega-3 and Calcium Therapy. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 6(8), 1468-1474.Moghaddam, A. A., Radafshar, G., Jahandideh, Y, & Kakaei, N. (2017). Clinical Evaluation of Effects of Local Application of Aloe vera Gel as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planning in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis. J Dent Shiraz Univ Med Sci, 18(3), 165-172.Mohammed, B. M., Fisher, B. J., Huynh, Q. K., Wijesinghe, D. S., Chalfant, C. E., Brophy, D. F., Fowler III, A. A., & Natarajan, R. (2014). Resolution of Sterile Inflammation: Role for Vitamin C. Mediators of Inflammation, 1-15. Doi: 10.1155/2014/173403Moriyama, M., Moriyama, H., Uda, J., Kubo, H., Nakajima, Y., Goto, A., Akaki, J., Yoshida, I., Matsuoka, N., & Hayakawa, T. (2016). Beneficial Effects of the Genus Aloe on Wound Healing, Cell Proliferation, and Differentiation of Epidermal Keratinocytes. PLOS ONE, 11(10), 1-15.Mousavi, S., Bereswill, S., & Heimesaat, M. M. (2019). Immunomodulatory and antimicrobial effects of vitamin C. European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology, 9(3), 73-79. Doi. 10.1556/1886.2019.00016.Munday, M.-R., Rodricks, R., Fitzpatrick, M., Flood, V. M., & Gunton, J. E. (2020). A Pilot Study Examining Vitamin C Levels in Periodontal Patients. Nutrients, 12(8), 2255.Nair, G. R., Naidu, G. S., Jain, S., Nagi, R., Makkad, R. S., & Jha, A. (2016). Clinical Effectiveness of Aloe Vera in the Management of Oral Mucosal Diseases- A Systematic Review. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research; JCDR, 10(8).Neena, I. E., Ganesh, E., Poornima, P., & Korishettar, R. (2015). An ancient herb Aloe vera in dentistry: A review. Journal of Oral Research and Review, 7(1), 25-30.Nimma, V. L., Talla, H. V., Bairi, J. K., Gopaldas, M., Bathula, H., & Vangdoth, S. (2017). Holistic Healing Through Herbs: Effectiveness of Aloe Vera on Post Extraction Socket Healing. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR, 11(3), ZC83–ZC86.Ogawa R. (2017). Keloid and Hypertrophic Scars Are the Result of Chronic Inflammation in the Reticular Dermis. International journal of molecular sciences, 18(3), 606.Omori, K., Hanayama, Y., Naruishi, K., Akiyama, K., Maeda, H., Otsuka, F., & Takashiba, S. (2014). Gingival overgrowth caused by vitamin C deficiency associated with metabolic syndrome and severe periodontal infection: a case report. Clinical Case Reports, 2(6), 286-295. Doi: 10.1002/ccr3.114.Parkar, S., & Janu, U. (2011). Comparative evaluation of effectiveness between Aloe vera and two commercially available mouth rinses on plaque and gingival status: A randomized control trial. Journal of the International Clinical Dental Research Organization, 3(1), 25-28.Patil, S., Al-Zarea, B. K., Maheshwari, S., & Sahu, R. (2015). Comparative evaluation of natural antioxidants spirulina and aloe vera for the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis. Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, 5(1), 11-15.Patri, G, & Sahu, A. (2017). Role of Herbal Agents - Tea Tree Oil and Aloe vera as Cavity Disinfectant Adjuncts in Minimally Invasive Dentistry- An in vivo Comparative Study. IJMCM, 3(2), 110-117.Patri, G. (2017). Role of Herbal Agents - Tea Tree Oil and Aloe vera as Cavity Disinfectant Adjuncts in Minimally Invasive Dentistry- An in vivo Comparative Study. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research, 5-9. Doi: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/27598.10147Politis, C., Schoenaers, J., Jacobs, R., & Agbaje, J. O. (2016). Wound Healing Problems in the Mouth. Frontiers in physiology, 7, 507.Radha, M. H., & Laxmipriya, N. P. (2015). Evaluation of biological properties and clinical effectiveness of Aloe vera: A systematic review. Journal of traditional and complementary medicine, 5(1), 21–26.Rahman, S., Carter, P & Bhattarai, N. (2017). Aloe Vera for Tissue Engineering Applications. Journal Functional Biomaterials, 8(6), 1-17.Rajan, B. (2014). Assessment of Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Oral Mucosal Diseases: A Questionnaire-Based Study. The Permanente Journal, e123-e127. Doi: 10.7812/tpp/13-095Reddy, R. L., Reddy, R.S., Ramesh, T., Singh, T. R., Swapna, L. A., Laxmi, N. V. (2012). Randomized trial of Aloe vera gel vs triamcinolone acetonide ointment in the treatment of oral lichen planus. Quintessence International, 9(43), 793-800.Rubio Palau, J., Garcia Linares, J., Hueto Madrid, J. A., González Lagunas, J., Raspall Martin, G., & Mareque Bueno, J. (2015). Effect of intra-alveolar placement of 0.2% chlorhexidine bioadhesive gel on the incidence of alveolar osteitis following the extraction of mandibular third molars. A double-blind randomized clinical trial. Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal, 20(1), e117–e122.Safiaghdam, H., Oveissi, V., Bahramsoltani, R., Farzaei, M. H, & Rahimi, R. (2018). Medicinal plants for gingivitis: a review of clinical trials. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 21, 978-991.Sahebi S. A., Khosravifar N.B., SedighShamsi M. A., & Motamedifar M. (2014). Comparison of the Antibacterial Effect of Sodium Hypochlorite and Aloe Vera Solutions as Root Canal Irrigants in Human Extracted Teeth Contaminated with Enterococcus Faecalis. J Dent Shiraz Univ Med Sci, 15(1), 39-43.Salehi, B., Lopez, P., Pons-Fuster, E., Calina, D., Sharifi-Rad, M., Ramírez-, K., Forman, K., Fernández, M., Martorell, M., Setzer, W., Martins, N., Rodrigues, C., & Sharifi-Rad, J. (2019). Plant-Derived Bioactives in Oral Mucosal Lesions: A Key Emphasis to Curcumin, Lycopene, Chamomile, Aloe vera, Green Tea and Coffee Properties. Biomolecules, 9(3), 2-23. Doi: 10.3390/biom9030106Schifter, M., Yeoh, S.-C., Coleman, H., & Georgiou, A. (2010). Oral mucosal diseases: the inflammatory dermatoses. Australian Dental Journal, 55, 23-38. Doi: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01196.Sengüven, B., Bariş, E., Yildirim, B., Shuibat, A., Özer yücel, Ö., Museyibov, F., Yildiz, Y., Büyük, Ö., & Gültekin, S. E. (2015). Oral mucosal lesions: a retrospective review of one institution’s 13-year experience. Turkish journal of medical sciences, 45, 241-245. Doi: 10.3906/sag-1312-9Shetty, A., Bhandary, R., Thomas, B., Kumari, S., & Ramesh, A. (2017). A Comparative Assessment of Serum Vitamin C and Serum Lead Among Periodontitis and Diabetic Patient. Romanian Journal of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 24(3), 187-194.Shiga, M., Kapila, Y. L., Zhang, Q., Hayami, T., & Kapila, S. (2003). Ascorbic Acid Induces Collagenase-1 in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells but Not in MC3T3-E1 Osteoblast-Like Cells: Potential Association Between Collagenase Expression and Changes in Alkaline Phosphatase Phenotype. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 18(1), 67-77.Singh, V., Agrawal, U., Humtsoe, E. L., & Seetohul, Y. B. (2019). Use of Aloe vera and Turmeric Paste as a Supplementary Medicine in Oral Submucosal Fibrosis: A Pilot Study. Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, 71(S1), 883-886.Tada, A., & Miura, H. (2019). The Relationship between Vitamin C and Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(14), 2472.Takeo, M., Lee, W., & Ito, M. (2015). Wound healing and skin regeneration. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine, 5(1), a023267.Usatine, R. P., & Tinitigan, M. (2011). Diagnosis and Treatment of Lichen Planus. Am Fam Physician, 84(1), 53-60.Vangipuram, S., Jha, A, & Bhashyam, M. (2016). Comparative efficacy of aloe vera mouthwash and chlorhexidine on periodontal health: A randomized controlled trial. Journal section: Community and Preventive Dentistry, 8(4), 442- 447.Xue, M., & Jackson, C. J. (2015). Extracellular Matrix Reorganization During Wound Healing and Its Impact on Abnormal Scarring. Advances in wound care, 4(3), 119–136.Yeomans, N. (2015). Consensus about managing gastrointestinal and cardiovascular risks of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. BMC Medicine, 13(1).Yeturu, S. K., Acharya, S., Urala, A. S., & Pentapati, K. C. (2016). Effect of Aloe vera, chlorine dioxide, and chlorhexidine mouth rinses on plaque and gingivitis: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, 6(1), 55-59.Yussif, N. M., Abdul Aziz, M. A., & Abdel Rahman, A. R. (2016). Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Locally Delivered Vitamin C in the Treatment of Persistent Gingival Inflammation: Clinical and Histopathological Study. Journal of nutrition and metabolism, 2978741.Yussif, N. M., Dehis, M. H., & Rahman, A. R. (2018). Efficacy and safety of locally injectable vitamin C on accelerating the orthodontic movement of maxillary canine impaction (oral mesotherapy technique): prospective study. Clinical Cases in Mineral and Bone Metabolism, 5(2), 280-287.instname:Universidad Antonio Nariñoreponame:Repositorio Institucional UANrepourl:https://repositorio.uan.edu.co/